diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 95dd912..25f9445 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ authors = ["Sam Rijs <srijs@airpost.net>"]
 
 [dependencies]
 base64 = "0.9.0"
+failure = "0.1.1"
 futures = "0.1.18"
 hyper = "0.11.15"
 hyper-tls = "0.1.2"
diff --git a/src/engine/mod.rs b/src/engine/mod.rs
index 96af9bc..a973e3d 100644
--- a/src/engine/mod.rs
+++ b/src/engine/mod.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
+use failure::Error;
 use futures::{Future, Stream, stream};
 use hyper::Client;
 use hyper::client::HttpConnector;
@@ -10,15 +11,15 @@ use tokio_service::Service;
 
 mod analyzer;
 
-use ::utils::throttle::{Throttle, ThrottledError};
+use ::utils::throttle::Throttle;
 
 use ::models::repo::{Repository, RepoPath};
 use ::models::crates::{CrateName, CrateRelease, CrateManifest, AnalyzedDependencies};
 
-use ::parsers::manifest::{ManifestParseError, parse_manifest_toml};
+use ::parsers::manifest::parse_manifest_toml;
 
-use ::interactors::crates::{QueryCrateError, query_crate};
-use ::interactors::github::{RetrieveFileAtPathError, retrieve_file_at_path};
+use ::interactors::crates::query_crate;
+use ::interactors::github::retrieve_file_at_path;
 use ::interactors::github::GetPopularRepos;
 
 use self::analyzer::DependencyAnalyzer;
@@ -41,16 +42,6 @@ impl Engine {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct GetPopularReposError(ThrottledError<::interactors::github::GetPopularReposError>);
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum AnalyzeDependenciesError {
-    QueryCrate(QueryCrateError),
-    RetrieveFileAtPath(RetrieveFileAtPathError),
-    ParseManifest(ManifestParseError)
-}
-
 const FETCH_RELEASES_CONCURRENCY: usize = 10;
 
 pub struct AnalyzeDependenciesOutcome {
@@ -60,15 +51,14 @@ pub struct AnalyzeDependenciesOutcome {
 
 impl Engine {
     pub fn get_popular_repos(&self) ->
-        impl Future<Item=Vec<Repository>, Error=GetPopularReposError>
+        impl Future<Item=Vec<Repository>, Error=Error>
     {
         self.get_popular_repos.call(())
-            .map_err(GetPopularReposError)
-            .map(|repos| repos.clone())
+            .from_err().map(|repos| repos.clone())
     }
 
     pub fn analyze_dependencies(&self, repo_path: RepoPath) ->
-        impl Future<Item=AnalyzeDependenciesOutcome, Error=AnalyzeDependenciesError>
+        impl Future<Item=AnalyzeDependenciesOutcome, Error=Error>
     {
         let manifest_future = self.retrieve_manifest(&repo_path);
 
@@ -83,9 +73,9 @@ impl Engine {
 
             let release_futures = engine.fetch_releases(main_deps.chain(dev_deps).chain(build_deps));
 
-            let analyzed_deps_future = stream::iter_ok(release_futures)
+            let analyzed_deps_future = stream::iter_ok::<_, Error>(release_futures)
                 .buffer_unordered(FETCH_RELEASES_CONCURRENCY)
-                .fold(analyzer, |mut analyzer, releases| { analyzer.process(releases); Ok(analyzer) })
+                .fold(analyzer, |mut analyzer, releases| { analyzer.process(releases); Ok(analyzer) as Result<_, Error> })
                 .map(|analyzer| analyzer.finalize());
 
             analyzed_deps_future.map(move |analyzed_deps| {
@@ -98,24 +88,21 @@ impl Engine {
     }
 
     fn fetch_releases<I: IntoIterator<Item=CrateName>>(&self, names: I) ->
-        impl Iterator<Item=impl Future<Item=Vec<CrateRelease>, Error=AnalyzeDependenciesError>>
+        impl Iterator<Item=impl Future<Item=Vec<CrateRelease>, Error=Error>>
     {
         let client = self.client.clone();
         names.into_iter().map(move |name| {
             query_crate(client.clone(), name)
-                .map_err(AnalyzeDependenciesError::QueryCrate)
                 .map(|resp| resp.releases)
         })
     }
 
     fn retrieve_manifest(&self, repo_path: &RepoPath) ->
-        impl Future<Item=CrateManifest, Error=AnalyzeDependenciesError>
+        impl Future<Item=CrateManifest, Error=Error>
     {
-        retrieve_file_at_path(self.client.clone(), &repo_path, "Cargo.toml")
-            .map_err(AnalyzeDependenciesError::RetrieveFileAtPath)
+        retrieve_file_at_path(self.client.clone(), &repo_path, "Cargo.toml").from_err()
             .and_then(|manifest_source| {
-                parse_manifest_toml(&manifest_source)
-                    .map_err(AnalyzeDependenciesError::ParseManifest)
+                parse_manifest_toml(&manifest_source).map_err(|err| err.into())
             })
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/interactors/crates.rs b/src/interactors/crates.rs
index 5347b65..fcadd83 100644
--- a/src/interactors/crates.rs
+++ b/src/interactors/crates.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+use failure::Error;
 use futures::{Future, Stream, IntoFuture, future};
-use hyper::{Error as HyperError, Method, Request, Response, StatusCode};
-use hyper::error::UriError;
+use hyper::{Error as HyperError, Method, Request, Response};
 use tokio_service::Service;
 use semver::Version;
 use serde_json;
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ struct QueryCratesVersionsBody {
     versions: Vec<CratesVersion>
 }
 
-fn convert_body(name: &CrateName, body: QueryCratesVersionsBody) -> Result<QueryCrateResponse, QueryCrateError> {
+fn convert_body(name: &CrateName, body: QueryCratesVersionsBody) -> Result<QueryCrateResponse, Error> {
     let releases = body.versions.into_iter().map(|version| {
         CrateRelease {
             name: name.clone(),
@@ -38,33 +38,25 @@ pub struct QueryCrateResponse {
     pub releases: Vec<CrateRelease>
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum QueryCrateError {
-    Uri(UriError),
-    Status(StatusCode),
-    Transport(HyperError),
-    Decode(serde_json::Error)
-}
-
 pub fn query_crate<S>(service: S, crate_name: CrateName) ->
-    impl Future<Item=QueryCrateResponse, Error=QueryCrateError>
+    impl Future<Item=QueryCrateResponse, Error=Error>
     where S: Service<Request=Request, Response=Response, Error=HyperError>
 {
     let uri_future = format!("{}/crates/{}/versions", CRATES_API_BASE_URI, crate_name.as_ref())
-        .parse().into_future().map_err(QueryCrateError::Uri);
+        .parse().into_future().from_err();
 
     uri_future.and_then(move |uri| {
         let request = Request::new(Method::Get, uri);
 
-        service.call(request).map_err(QueryCrateError::Transport).and_then(move |response| {
+        service.call(request).from_err().and_then(move |response| {
             let status = response.status();
             if !status.is_success() {
-                future::Either::A(future::err(QueryCrateError::Status(status)))
+                future::Either::A(future::err(format_err!("Status code: {}", status)))
             } else {
-                let body_future = response.body().concat2().map_err(QueryCrateError::Transport);
+                let body_future = response.body().concat2().from_err();
                 let decode_future = body_future.and_then(|body| {
                         serde_json::from_slice::<QueryCratesVersionsBody>(&body)
-                            .map_err(QueryCrateError::Decode)
+                            .map_err(|err| err.into())
                     });
                 let convert_future = decode_future.and_then(move |body| convert_body(&crate_name, body));
                 future::Either::B(convert_future)
diff --git a/src/interactors/github.rs b/src/interactors/github.rs
index f22169f..43be257 100644
--- a/src/interactors/github.rs
+++ b/src/interactors/github.rs
@@ -1,27 +1,17 @@
-use std::string::FromUtf8Error;
-
+use failure::Error;
 use futures::{Future, IntoFuture, Stream, future};
-use hyper::{Error as HyperError, Method, Request, Response, StatusCode};
-use hyper::error::UriError;
+use hyper::{Error as HyperError, Method, Request, Response};
 use hyper::header::UserAgent;
 use tokio_service::Service;
 use serde_json;
 
-use ::models::repo::{Repository, RepoPath, RepoValidationError};
+use ::models::repo::{Repository, RepoPath};
 
 const GITHUB_API_BASE_URI: &'static str = "https://api.github.com";
 const GITHUB_USER_CONTENT_BASE_URI: &'static str = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com";
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum RetrieveFileAtPathError {
-    Uri(UriError),
-    Transport(HyperError),
-    Status(StatusCode),
-    Decode(FromUtf8Error)
-}
-
 pub fn retrieve_file_at_path<S>(service: S, repo_path: &RepoPath, file_path: &str) ->
-    impl Future<Item=String, Error=RetrieveFileAtPathError>
+    impl Future<Item=String, Error=Error>
     where S: Service<Request=Request, Response=Response, Error=HyperError>
 {
     let uri_future = format!("{}/{}/{}/master/{}",
@@ -29,34 +19,25 @@ pub fn retrieve_file_at_path<S>(service: S, repo_path: &RepoPath, file_path: &st
         repo_path.qual.as_ref(),
         repo_path.name.as_ref(),
         file_path
-    ).parse().into_future().map_err(RetrieveFileAtPathError::Uri);
+    ).parse().into_future().from_err();
 
     uri_future.and_then(move |uri| {
         let request = Request::new(Method::Get, uri);
 
-        service.call(request).map_err(RetrieveFileAtPathError::Transport).and_then(|response| {
+        service.call(request).from_err().and_then(|response| {
             let status = response.status();
             if !status.is_success() {
-                future::Either::A(future::err(RetrieveFileAtPathError::Status(status)))
+                future::Either::A(future::err(format_err!("Status code: {}", status)))
             } else {
-                let body_future = response.body().concat2().map_err(RetrieveFileAtPathError::Transport);
+                let body_future = response.body().concat2().from_err();
                 let decode_future = body_future
-                    .and_then(|body| String::from_utf8(body.to_vec()).map_err(RetrieveFileAtPathError::Decode));
+                    .and_then(|body| String::from_utf8(body.to_vec()).map_err(|err| err.into()));
                 future::Either::B(decode_future)
             }
         })
     })
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum GetPopularReposError {
-    Uri(UriError),
-    Transport(HyperError),
-    Status(StatusCode),
-    Decode(serde_json::Error),
-    Validate(RepoValidationError)
-}
-
 #[derive(Deserialize)]
 struct GithubSearchResponse {
     items: Vec<GithubRepo>
@@ -83,7 +64,7 @@ impl<S> Service for GetPopularRepos<S>
 {
     type Request = ();
     type Response = Vec<Repository>;
-    type Error = GetPopularReposError;
+    type Error = Error;
     type Future = Box<Future<Item=Self::Response, Error=Self::Error>>;
 
     fn call(&self, _req: ()) -> Self::Future {
@@ -91,24 +72,23 @@ impl<S> Service for GetPopularRepos<S>
         let service = self.0.clone();
 
         let uri_future = format!("{}/search/repositories?q=language:rust&sort=stars", GITHUB_API_BASE_URI)
-            .parse().into_future().map_err(GetPopularReposError::Uri);
+            .parse().into_future().from_err();
 
         Box::new(uri_future.and_then(move |uri| {
             let mut request = Request::new(Method::Get, uri);
             request.headers_mut().set(UserAgent::new("deps.rs"));
 
-            service.call(request).map_err(GetPopularReposError::Transport).and_then(|response| {
+            service.call(request).from_err().and_then(|response| {
                 let status = response.status();
                 if !status.is_success() {
-                    future::Either::A(future::err(GetPopularReposError::Status(status)))
+                    future::Either::A(future::err(format_err!("Status code: {}", status)))
                 } else {
-                    let body_future = response.body().concat2().map_err(GetPopularReposError::Transport);
+                    let body_future = response.body().concat2().from_err();
                     let decode_future = body_future
-                        .and_then(|body| serde_json::from_slice(body.as_ref()).map_err(GetPopularReposError::Decode));
+                        .and_then(|body| serde_json::from_slice(body.as_ref()).map_err(|err| err.into()));
                     future::Either::B(decode_future.and_then(|search_response: GithubSearchResponse| {
                         search_response.items.into_iter().map(|item| {
-                            let path = RepoPath::from_parts("github", &item.owner.login, &item.name)
-                                .map_err(GetPopularReposError::Validate)?;
+                            let path = RepoPath::from_parts("github", &item.owner.login, &item.name)?;
                             Ok(Repository { path, description: item.description })
                         }).collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
                     }))
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index 02d8377..a7ec00a 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #![feature(proc_macro)]
 
 extern crate base64;
+#[macro_use] extern crate failure;
 extern crate futures;
 extern crate hyper;
 extern crate hyper_tls;
diff --git a/src/models/crates.rs b/src/models/crates.rs
index a93538f..494af33 100644
--- a/src/models/crates.rs
+++ b/src/models/crates.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use std::borrow::Borrow;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
+use failure::Error;
 use semver::{Version, VersionReq};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
@@ -25,19 +26,16 @@ impl AsRef<str> for CrateName {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct CrateNameValidationError;
-
 impl FromStr for CrateName {
-    type Err = CrateNameValidationError;
+    type Err = Error;
 
-    fn from_str(input: &str) -> Result<CrateName, CrateNameValidationError> {
+    fn from_str(input: &str) -> Result<CrateName, Error> {
         let is_valid = input.chars().all(|c| {
             c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || c == '_' || c == '-'
         });
 
         if !is_valid {
-            Err(CrateNameValidationError)
+            Err(format_err!("failed to validate crate name: {}", input))
         } else {
             Ok(CrateName(input.to_string()))
         }
diff --git a/src/models/repo.rs b/src/models/repo.rs
index 6f39bc5..41df4f7 100644
--- a/src/models/repo.rs
+++ b/src/models/repo.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
+use failure::Error;
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct Repository {
     pub path: RepoPath,
@@ -14,7 +16,7 @@ pub struct RepoPath {
 }
 
 impl RepoPath {
-    pub fn from_parts(site: &str, qual: &str, name: &str) -> Result<RepoPath, RepoValidationError> {
+    pub fn from_parts(site: &str, qual: &str, name: &str) -> Result<RepoPath, Error> {
         Ok(RepoPath {
             site: site.parse()?,
             qual: qual.parse()?,
@@ -23,9 +25,6 @@ impl RepoPath {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct RepoValidationError;
-
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
 pub enum RepoSite {
     Github
@@ -40,12 +39,12 @@ impl RepoSite {
 }
 
 impl FromStr for RepoSite {
-    type Err = RepoValidationError;
+    type Err = Error;
 
-    fn from_str(input: &str) -> Result<RepoSite, RepoValidationError> {
+    fn from_str(input: &str) -> Result<RepoSite, Error> {
         match input {
             "github" => Ok(RepoSite::Github),
-            _ => Err(RepoValidationError)
+            _ => Err(format_err!("unknown repo site identifier"))
         }
     }
 }
@@ -62,18 +61,15 @@ impl AsRef<str> for RepoSite {
 pub struct RepoQualifier(String);
 
 impl FromStr for RepoQualifier {
-    type Err = RepoValidationError;
+    type Err = Error;
 
-    fn from_str(input: &str) -> Result<RepoQualifier, RepoValidationError> {
+    fn from_str(input: &str) -> Result<RepoQualifier, Error> {
         let is_valid = input.chars().all(|c| {
             c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || c == '.' || c == '-' || c == '_'
         });
 
-        if !is_valid {
-            Err(RepoValidationError)
-        } else {
-            Ok(RepoQualifier(input.to_string()))
-        }
+        ensure!(is_valid, "invalid repo qualifier");
+        Ok(RepoQualifier(input.to_string()))
     }
 }
 
@@ -87,18 +83,15 @@ impl AsRef<str> for RepoQualifier {
 pub struct RepoName(String);
 
 impl FromStr for RepoName {
-    type Err = RepoValidationError;
+    type Err = Error;
 
-    fn from_str(input: &str) -> Result<RepoName, RepoValidationError> {
+    fn from_str(input: &str) -> Result<RepoName, Error> {
         let is_valid = input.chars().all(|c| {
             c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || c == '.' || c == '-' || c == '_'
         });
 
-        if !is_valid {
-            Err(RepoValidationError)
-        } else {
-            Ok(RepoName(input.to_string()))
-        }
+        ensure!(is_valid, "invalid repo name");
+        Ok(RepoName(input.to_string()))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/parsers/manifest.rs b/src/parsers/manifest.rs
index cd1b813..545c7ec 100644
--- a/src/parsers/manifest.rs
+++ b/src/parsers/manifest.rs
@@ -1,16 +1,10 @@
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 
-use semver::{ReqParseError, VersionReq};
+use failure::Error;
+use semver::VersionReq;
 use toml;
 
-use ::models::crates::{CrateName, CrateDeps, CrateManifest, CrateNameValidationError};
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum ManifestParseError {
-    Serde(toml::de::Error),
-    Name(CrateNameValidationError),
-    Version(ReqParseError)
-}
+use ::models::crates::{CrateName, CrateDeps, CrateManifest};
 
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
 struct CargoTomlComplexDependency {
@@ -44,11 +38,11 @@ struct CargoToml {
     build_dependencies: BTreeMap<String, CargoTomlDependency>
 }
 
-fn convert_dependency(cargo_dep: (String, CargoTomlDependency)) -> Option<Result<(CrateName, VersionReq), ManifestParseError>> {
+fn convert_dependency(cargo_dep: (String, CargoTomlDependency)) -> Option<Result<(CrateName, VersionReq), Error>> {
     match cargo_dep {
         (name, CargoTomlDependency::Simple(string)) => {
-            Some(name.parse().map_err(ManifestParseError::Name).and_then(|parsed_name| {
-                string.parse().map_err(ManifestParseError::Version)
+            Some(name.parse::<CrateName>().map_err(|err| err.into()).and_then(|parsed_name| {
+                string.parse::<VersionReq>().map_err(|err| err.into())
                     .map(|version| (parsed_name, version))
             }))
         }
@@ -57,8 +51,8 @@ fn convert_dependency(cargo_dep: (String, CargoTomlDependency)) -> Option<Result
                 None
             } else {
                 cplx.version.map(|string| {
-                    name.parse().map_err(ManifestParseError::Name).and_then(|parsed_name| {
-                        string.parse().map_err(ManifestParseError::Version)
+                    name.parse::<CrateName>().map_err(|err| err.into()).and_then(|parsed_name| {
+                        string.parse::<VersionReq>().map_err(|err| err.into())
                             .map(|version| (parsed_name, version))
                     })
                 })
@@ -67,12 +61,10 @@ fn convert_dependency(cargo_dep: (String, CargoTomlDependency)) -> Option<Result
     }
 }
 
-pub fn parse_manifest_toml(input: &str) -> Result<CrateManifest, ManifestParseError> {
-    let cargo_toml = toml::de::from_str::<CargoToml>(input)
-        .map_err(ManifestParseError::Serde)?;
+pub fn parse_manifest_toml(input: &str) -> Result<CrateManifest, Error> {
+    let cargo_toml = toml::de::from_str::<CargoToml>(input)?;
 
-    let crate_name = cargo_toml.package.name.parse()
-        .map_err(ManifestParseError::Name)?;
+    let crate_name = cargo_toml.package.name.parse::<CrateName>()?;
 
     let dependencies = cargo_toml.dependencies
         .into_iter().filter_map(convert_dependency).collect::<Result<BTreeMap<_, _>, _>>()?;
diff --git a/src/server/mod.rs b/src/server/mod.rs
index 181f340..759d2e3 100644
--- a/src/server/mod.rs
+++ b/src/server/mod.rs
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ impl Server {
                 Err(err) => {
                     let mut response = Response::new();
                     response.set_status(StatusCode::BadRequest);
-                    response.set_body(format!("{:?}", err));
+                    response.set_body(format!("Error: {}", err));
                     future::ok(response)
                 },
                 Ok(popular) =>
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ impl Server {
                 Err(err) => {
                     let mut response = Response::new();
                     response.set_status(StatusCode::BadRequest);
-                    response.set_body(format!("{:?}", err));
+                    response.set_body(format!("Error: {}", err));
                     future::Either::A(future::ok(response))
                 },
                 Ok(repo_path) => {
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ impl Server {
                                 if format != StatusFormat::Svg {
                                     let mut response = Response::new();
                                     response.set_status(StatusCode::BadRequest);
-                                    response.set_body(format!("{:?}", err));
+                                    response.set_body(format!("Error: {}", err));
                                     future::Either::A(future::ok(response))
                                 } else {
                                     future::Either::A(future::ok(views::status_svg(None)))
diff --git a/src/utils/throttle.rs b/src/utils/throttle.rs
index 5f3b620..21d89a5 100644
--- a/src/utils/throttle.rs
+++ b/src/utils/throttle.rs
@@ -1,21 +1,23 @@
-use std::error::Error;
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Display, Formatter, Result as FmtResult};
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::sync::Mutex;
 
+use failure::{Error, Fail};
 use futures::{Future, Poll};
 use futures::future::{Shared, SharedError, SharedItem};
 use tokio_service::Service;
 
-pub struct Throttle<S: Service<Request=()>> {
+pub struct Throttle<S>
+    where S: Service<Request=(), Error=Error>
+{
     inner: S,
     duration: Duration,
     current: Mutex<Option<(Instant, Shared<S::Future>)>>
 }
 
 impl<S> Debug for Throttle<S>
-    where S: Service<Request=()> + Debug,
+    where S: Service<Request=(), Error=Error> + Debug
 {
     fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut Formatter) -> FmtResult {
         fmt.debug_struct("Throttle")
@@ -25,7 +27,9 @@ impl<S> Debug for Throttle<S>
     }
 }
 
-impl<S: Service<Request=()>> Throttle<S> {
+impl<S> Throttle<S> 
+    where S: Service<Request=(), Error=Error>
+{
     pub fn new(service: S, duration: Duration) -> Throttle<S> {
         Throttle {
             inner: service,
@@ -35,10 +39,12 @@ impl<S: Service<Request=()>> Throttle<S> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<S: Service<Request=()>> Service for Throttle<S> {
+impl<S> Service for Throttle<S>
+    where S: Service<Request=(), Error=Error>
+{
     type Request = ();
     type Response = ThrottledItem<S::Response>;
-    type Error = ThrottledError<S::Error>;
+    type Error = ThrottledError;
     type Future = Throttled<S::Future>;
 
     fn call(&self, _: ()) -> Self::Future {
@@ -69,9 +75,9 @@ impl<F> Debug for Throttled<F>
     }
 }
 
-impl<F: Future> Future for Throttled<F> {
+impl<F: Future<Error=Error>> Future for Throttled<F> {
     type Item = ThrottledItem<F::Item>;
-    type Error = ThrottledError<F::Error>;
+    type Error = ThrottledError;
 
     fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<Self::Item, Self::Error> {
         self.0.poll()
@@ -92,32 +98,24 @@ impl<T> Deref for ThrottledItem<T> {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct ThrottledError<E>(SharedError<E>);
+pub struct ThrottledError(SharedError<Error>);
 
-impl<E> Deref for ThrottledError<E> {
-    type Target = E;
+impl Fail for ThrottledError {
+    fn cause(&self) -> Option<&Fail> {
+        Some(self.0.cause())
+    }
 
-    fn deref(&self) -> &E {
-        &self.0.deref()
+    fn backtrace(&self) -> Option<&::failure::Backtrace> {
+        Some(self.0.backtrace())
+    }
+
+    fn causes(&self) -> ::failure::Causes {
+        self.0.causes()
     }
 }
 
-impl<E> Display for ThrottledError<E>
-    where E: Display,
-{
+impl Display for ThrottledError {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> FmtResult {
-        self.0.fmt(f)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<E> Error for ThrottledError<E>
-    where E: Error,
-{
-    fn description(&self) -> &str {
-        self.0.description()
-    }
-
-    fn cause(&self) -> Option<&Error> {
-        self.0.cause()
+        Display::fmt(&self.0, f)
     }
 }